Porsi Amil Zakat (Studi Komparatif Pendapat Imam Nawawi dan Imam Ibn Qudamah)

Abstract

Zakat management plays a strategic role in the economic empowerment of the Ummah; however, determining the portion for amil (zakat administrators) remains a subject of debate among jurists regarding whether it is a fixed portion ⅛ or a flexible wage based on workload. This study aims to analyze the similarities and differences between the views of Imam Nawawi and Imam Ibn Qudamah, as well as the legal foundations (dalil) they employ. Using a normative Islamic legal research method (library research) and descriptive-comparative analysis, the study finds that both scholars agree on two primary points: that amil are entitled to a proper wage for their services and that the authority (Imam) has the flexibility to determine the timing of the wage payment, whether at the beginning or at the end of the assignment.The differences lie in the technical depth of their explanations; Imam Nawawi provides more specific details regarding the forfeiture of amil rights if the position is vacant, wage adjustments based on actual workload, and mechanisms for addressing surpluses or deficits in zakat funds, whereas Imam Ibn Qudamah does not elaborate on these technicalities. Furthermore, their legal foundations differ; Imam Nawawi utilizes Hadith for the option of determining wages after the work is completed and Qiyas (analogy to Ijarah and Ju’alah contracts) for wages determined at the beginning. In contrast, Imam Ibn Qudamah relies solely on the Hadith narrated by Ibn as-Saidi regarding Caliph Umar bin Khattab's practice of providing wages after the task is fulfilled.