Penetapan Awal Bulan Qamariyah Berdasarkan Wihdat Al-Mathali Dan Ikhtilaf Al-Mathali

Abstract

The diverse perspectives of scholars in addressing issues surrounding differences in viewpoints regarding Wihdatul Mathȃlî’ and Ikhtilȃf al-Mathȃli’ are classic problems that often surface every time Muslims begin a new Hijri month, especially during the onset and end of Ramadan, as it pertains to the determination of the beginning and end of Ramadan.

Regarding mathȃli’ from a jurisprudential perspective, it can be seen from two angles: first, there is no Ikhtilȃf al-Mathȃlî’, only Wihdat al-Mathȃli’, meaning if the crescent moon is sighted in a country, all countries should follow that country. Second, recognizing the existence of Ikhtilaf al-Mathali’, so people from a country where the crescent moon is not sighted do not have to follow another region, unless the two regions are adjacent and determined based on the rising place of the sun and the moon.

Furthermore, the perspectives of Wihdatul Mathȃlî’ and Ikhtilȃf al-Mathȃli’ in determining the beginning of the lunar month are among the issues in the field of ijtihad that may lead to differences of opinion, because the evidence or arguments presented in one opinion and the other are not conclusive towards either of the two opinions. Nevertheless, it is more likely to consider the possibility of making decisions based on Ikhtilȃf al-Mathȃlî’ through analyses that have been proposed.