Fatwa: Jendela Hukum Islam yang Mencerahkan

Abstract

The background of this study focuses on the role of fatwas in Islamic law, which serve as solutions to the problems faced by Muslims in their daily lives. Fatwas, issued by scholars or authoritative institutions, play a crucial role in addressing contemporary issues that are not explicitly discussed in the Qur'an and Hadith. With the development of technology, socio-cultural, and economic factors, the demand for relevant fatwas that are in line with the context of the times has increased. However, the validity and acceptance of fatwas in society often depend on the methodology and legal approach used. The purpose of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of the position and significance of fatwas within the Islamic legal system, as well as how the methods of issuing fatwas based on the principles of usul fiqh can ensure their relevance and legal validity. This study also aims to explore the role of fatwas in accommodating the developments of the times without neglecting the primary sources of Islamic law. The methodology employed in this research is a qualitative approach, analyzing primary and secondary literature, including classical usul fiqh texts, as well as studies on contemporary fatwas. This approach aims to identify the principles of Islamic law that underpin the issuance of fatwas and how scholars apply them in modern situations. The findings of the research indicate that fatwas play a vital role in Islamic law, particularly in the context of complex modern life. Fatwas issued based on usul fiqh principles tend to be more widely accepted as they balance between dalil naqli (textual evidence) and dalil aqli (rational evidence). These findings also show that the method of issuing fatwas must continue to evolve to remain relevant and address new challenges in Muslim society, without deviating from the primary sources of Islamic law.